ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Staphylococcus aureus pandemic clone USA300 has, in addition to its constitutive arginine catabolism (arc) gene cluster, an arginine catabolism mobile element (ACME) carrying another such cluster, which gives this clone advantages in colonisation and infection. Gene arcR, which encodes an oxygen-sensitive transcriptional regulator, is inside ACME and downstream of the constitutive arc gene cluster, and this situation may have an impact on its activation. Different relative expression behaviours are proven here for arcRACME and the arcACME operon compared to the constitutive ones. We also show that the artificially expressed recombinant ArcRACME protein binds to the promoter region of the arcACME operon; this mechanism can be related to a positive feedback model, which may be responsible for increased anaerobic survival of the USA300 clone during infection-related processes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Operon/genetics , Arginine/genetics , Staphylococcus aureus/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Arginine/metabolism , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial/genetics , Interspersed Repetitive Sequences/genetics , Genes, Bacterial/geneticsABSTRACT
Introducción. USA300 es un linaje genético que se encuentra en aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus sensibles (SASM) y resistentes a meticilina (SARM). Actualmente, en Colombia las infecciones por SARM en hospitales y en la comunidad son causadas principalmente por un clon con genotipo comunitario (SARM-GC) relacionado genéticamente con el clon USA300. El origen de esta variante es aún desconocido. Objetivo. Identificar y caracterizar aislamientos de S. aureus resistentes y sensibles a meticilina con el fin de aportar información para establecer un posible origen de los aislamientos SARM-GC en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una caracterización de aislamientos SASM relacionados con el clon USA300 detectados a partir de un análisis de 184 aislamientos de S. aureus (90 SARM y 94 SASM) causantes de infecciones. La relación genética de los aislamientos se determinó por electroforesis en gel de campo pulsado (PFGE), tipificación de secuencias multilocus (MLST) y tipificación del gen de la proteína A ( spa ). Resultados. De los 184 aislamientos, 27 (14,7 %) presentaron características moleculares y relación genética con el clon USA300, y de ellos, 18 fueron SARM y nueve fueron SASM. Todos los aislamientos SARM relacionados con este clon albergaban un casete estafilocócico cromosómico mec (SCC mec ) IVc (3.1.2). En ningún aislamiento SASM se detectaron secuencias remanentes de SCC mec o una duplicación del sitio att B que evidenciaran la pérdida del casete. Conclusión. El origen de los aislamientos SARM-GC en Colombia probablemente se encuentre en la diseminación de clones SASM relacionados con el clon USA300 que adquirieron el SCC mec IVc posteriormente.
Introduction: USA300 is a genetic lineage found both in methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates. In Colombia, hospital and community MRSA infections are caused by a USA300-related community genotype MRSA (CG-MRSA) clone. The genetic origin of this clone is unknown yet. Objective: To identify and characterize methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates in order to improve the information about the origin of the CG-MRSA isolates in Colombia. Materials and methods: USA300-related MSSA isolates were detected and characterized from a study of 184 S. aureus isolates (90 MRSA and 94 MSSA) recovered from infections. The genetic relatedness of the isolates was established by means of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and protein A gene typification ( spa typing). Results: Among 184 isolates, 27 (14.7%) showed molecular characteristics and genetic relationship with the USA300 clone, of which 18 were MRSA and nine were MSSA. All USA300-related MRSA harbored Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCC mec ) IVc (3.1.2). In the MSSA isolates, SCC mec remnants or att B duplicate sites were not detected. Conclusions: In Colombia, the CG-MRSA isolates probably originated in the dissemination of an USA300-related MSSA clone which later acquired SCC mec IVc.